![]() ![]() Their local names were often used in their respective countries to describe the whole movement. The style is often related to, but not always identical with, styles that emerged in many countries in Europe and elsewhere at about the same time. Īrt Nouveau is known by different names in different languages: Jugendstil in German, Stile Liberty in Italian, Modernisme in Catalan, and also known as the Modern Style in English. In France, it was also sometimes called Style Jules Verne (after the novelist Jules Verne), Style Métro (after Hector Guimard's iron and glass subway entrances), Art Belle Époque, or Art fin de siècle. In Britain, the French term Art Nouveau was commonly used, while in France, it was often called by the term Style moderne (akin to the British term Modern Style), or Style 1900. The name was popularized by the Maison de l'Art Nouveau ('House of the New Art'), an art gallery opened in Paris in 1895 by the Franco-German art dealer Siegfried Bing. The term Art Nouveau was first used in the 1880s in the Belgian journal L'Art Moderne to describe the work of Les Vingt, twenty painters and sculptors seeking reform through art. The Art Nouveau style began to receive more positive attention from critics in the late 1960s, with a major exhibition of the work of Hector Guimard at the Museum of Modern Art in 1970. In the 1920s, it was replaced as the dominant architectural and decorative art style by Art Deco and then Modernism. It often appeared not only in capitals, but also in rapidly growing cities that wanted to establish artistic identities ( Turin and Palermo in Italy Glasgow in Scotland Munich and Darmstadt in Germany Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain), as well as in centres of independence movements ( Helsinki in Finland, then part of the Russian Empire).īy 1914, with the beginning of the First World War, Art Nouveau was largely exhausted. It appeared in graphic arts in the posters of Alphonse Mucha, and the glassware of René Lalique and Émile Gallé.įrom Britain, Belgium and France, Art Nouveau spread to the rest of Europe, taking on different names and characteristics in each country (see Naming section below). It reached its peak at the 1900 Paris International Exposition, which introduced the Art Nouveau work of artists such as Louis Tiffany. It moved quickly to Paris, where it was adapted by Hector Guimard, who saw Horta's work in Brussels and applied the style to the entrances of the new Paris Métro. The first Art Nouveau houses and interior decoration appeared in Brussels in the 1890s, in the architecture and interior design of houses designed by Paul Hankar, Henry van de Velde, and especially Victor Horta, whose Hôtel Tassel was completed in 1893. German architects and designers sought a spiritually uplifting Gesamtkunstwerk ('total work of art') that would unify the architecture, furnishings, and art in the interior in a common style, to uplift and inspire the residents. In Britain, it was influenced by William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement. The style responded to leading 19-century theoreticians, such as French architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) and British art critic John Ruskin (1819–1900). It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics, jewellery and metal work. One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. ![]() It was popular between 18 during the Belle Époque period, and was a reaction against the academicism, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decorative art. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash lines, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces. ![]() 'New Art') is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts.It was very commonly inspired by natural structures, like the sinuous curves of a flower. Clockwise from top left: Paris Métro station Abbesses, by Hector Guimard (1900) cover of Jugend magazine, by Otto Eckmann (1896) wall cabinet, by Louis Majorelle interior of the Hôtel Tassel in Brussels, by Victor Horta (1892–1893) lamp, by Louis Comfort Tiffany (1900–1910)Īrt Nouveau ( / ˌ ɑː r( t) n uː ˈ v oʊ/ AR(T) noo- VOH, French: ⓘ lit. ![]()
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